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Diffusion: Dissolved oxygen molecules (O₂) from the sample fluid diffuse through the permeable membrane at a rate proportional to the oxygen partial pressure in the sample.
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Electrochemical Reduction: Once inside, the O₂ molecules reach the cathode, where they are electrochemically reduced.
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Completion of Circuit: This reduction reaction consumes electrons, creating a potential that drives a corresponding oxidation reaction at the anode.
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At the Anode: 4Ag + 4Cl⁻ → 4AgCl + 4e⁻
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(Silver is oxidized, releasing electrons and forming a silver chloride layer).
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Current Generation: The flow of electrons (current) from the anode to the cathode is directly proportional to the rate of oxygen reduction. Since the diffusion rate is constant (controlled by the membrane), this electrical current is directly proportional to the dissolved oxygen concentration in the sample fluid.
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Measurement: The meter measures this tiny current, amplifies it, and converts it into a DO reading (typically in mg/L or % saturation).